Old National Bancorp (ONB)

How it makes money

Revenue is mostly net interest income: the spread between interest earned on loans and securities and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Lending covers commercial, commercial real estate, residential and consumer loans. A smaller share comes from noninterest income — service charges on deposit accounts, and fees from wealth management, brokerage and capital-markets activities. Profitability rises when loan demand and interest margins are healthy and falls when credit losses or funding costs increase.

Old National's earnings depend on the health of the regional economy: unemployment, business confidence and interest rates directly affect loan demand, credit losses and deposit costs. The company states that unfavorable economic conditions have in the past reduced earnings by weakening borrowers' ability to repay, and that tariff and geopolitical uncertainty can add further volatility.

Key risks

• Credit losses tied to economic conditions — Old National states that unfavorable or uncertain economic conditions — recession, unemployment, falling real estate values — have adversely affected, and could again affect, borrowers' ability to repay loans and the value of collateral securing them.
• Competition from banks and fintechs — The company competes with banks nationally and locally, and increasingly with financial-technology firms that have obtained bank or industrial-loan charters, which it says makes it harder to compete effectively for clients and deposits.
• Deposit funding and liquidity risk — Old National must maintain adequate deposits and wholesale funding to support lending. It warns that if it cannot maintain or grow deposits, it may face higher funding costs, and unrealized losses in its securities portfolio could affect liquidity.
• Cybersecurity and third-party vendor risk — The bank relies on external vendors and technology systems it does not fully control; a security breach or vendor failure could disrupt operations, expose customer data, and harm results, the company states.
• Capital and regulatory requirements — As a regulated bank holding company, Old National must meet capital adequacy rules set by federal regulators, who can restrict dividends or lending if requirements are not met, and standards can change over time.